18 July 2019

3 minute read

Europe

The study, commissioned by levy bodies AHDB, Quality Meat Scotland (QMS) and Hybu Cig Cymru – Meat Promotion Wales (HCC) and conducted by The Andersons Centre, explores in detail the impact of tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs) in both deal and no deal scenarios on beef and sheepmeat trade.

It goes on to explore the effect on domestic consumption, carcase balance, production, prices and on-farm profitability.

The most detailed analysis of its kind – encompassing a literature review, primary research and development of a new model to understand the costs of continued trade with the EU27 – it concludes with seven recommendations for the industry to help mitigate the challenges posed by Brexit.

These include a call for the UK and EU to reach a robust mutual recognition agreement to reduce the need for official controls and minimise trade friction; a fast-track or lighter- touch Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) system to help businesses overcome some customs measures; implementation of an e-Certification system; better communication between UK and overseas regulatory authorities and training for exporting businesses to better understand regulatory procedures, as well as making developing overseas markets a priority.

"The report highlights the extent to which tariff barriers present a potential threat to the industry in the case of a hard Brexit, in particular in terms of impact to the beef and sheep sectors," said Stuart Ashworth, Director of Economics Services, Quality Meat Scotland.

"It also highlights the impact of non-tariff measures – such as those relating to export certification and border inspection - in terms of potential costs and disruption to trade," Mr Ashworth added.

Key findings of the report include:

• Trade impact under a Brexit deal scenario is relatively small for both beef and sheepmeat, although slight decreases in exports (1.1 percent) are expected due to non-tariff measures adding inefficiencies to just-in-time supply chains;
  
  
• A no deal Brexit would cause significant upheaval for both beef and sheepmeat trade, with exports to the EU falling substantially. Some trade with the EU would continue for beef, with the EU’s Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) allowing market access. A new UK TRQ for beef imports would be open to all countries, causing a dramatic rise in non-EU imports, lowering prices and driving up domestic consumption by 7 percent. Domestic consumption of sheepmeat is expected to rise by 14 percent due to lowering prices. The overall impact on the value of domestically produced meat is expected to be -4 percent for beef and -31 percent for sheepmeat;
  
  
• At farm-level, Andersons’ Meadow Farm model sees profitability fall from £93 per hectare to £68 per hectare in a deal scenario and -£45 per hectare in the event of no deal;
  
  
• Frictionless trade with the EU27 as a third country is not currently possible and the development and implementation of the required technology could take a decade. Value deterioration, especially for fresh meat, arising from border-related delays due to physical checks and sampling accounted for more than 60 percent of NTM costs on checked loads. Smaller businesses are likely to be disproportionately impacted by NTMs, due to the regulatory burden and the cost of more checks over fewer loads;
  
  
• Trade barriers will exert inflationary pressure on inputs imported from the EU27, which farmers would bear the brunt of due to tight industry profit margins.

The work was financed from the £2 million fund of AHDB red meat levies ring-fenced for collaborative projects which is managed by Britain's three meat levy bodies: AHDB, HCC and QMS. The fund is an interim arrangement while a long-term solution is sought on the issue of levies being collected at point of slaughter in England for animals which have been reared in Scotland or Wales.

To download the report, please click here.

AHDB will be publishing a series of articles based on the report looking in detail at specific aspects, the first article on tariffs and tariff rate quotas is available now. For all AHDB’s Brexit information and guidance, visit www.ahdb.org.uk/brexit